Dr. Baij Nath Commentary on Law Against Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace

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Part I: Foundations of Workplace Sexual Harassment Law

1. Introduction and Background

   • Historical context of workplace harassment in India

   • Impact of the Vishaka Guidelines

   • Need for codified legislation

2. Overview of the POSH Act, 2013

   • Object and scope

   • Salient features

   • Constitutional provisions and gender justice

Part II: Section-Wise Commentary on the POSH Act, 2013

3. Definitions (Section 2)

   • “Sexual Harassment”

   • “Aggrieved Woman”

   • “Workplace”

   • “Employer”

   • “Internal Committee” & “Local Committee”

4. Prohibition and Prevention of Sexual Harassment (Section 3)

   • Types of conduct considered sexual harassment

   • Hostile work environment

   • Quid pro quo harassment

5. Constitution and Composition of the Internal Committee (Section 4)

   • Eligibility, tenure, and independence

   • Role of external members

6. Complaint Procedure (Section 9)

   • Timelines and format

   • Oral vs written complaints

   • Withdrawal and conciliation (Section 10)

7. Inquiry Process (Sections 11–13)

   • Natural justice principles

   • Evidence gathering

   • Confidentiality norms

   • IC powers akin to a civil court

8. Interim Relief and Penalties (Sections 12 & 13)

   • Transfer, leave, and suspension

   • Disciplinary action and compensation

9. Duties of Employers (Section 19)

   • Awareness, policy, training, and compliance

   • Display of information and record-keeping

10. Role of the Local Committee (Sections 6–8)

    • District-level protection for informal/unorganized workers

11. Penalties for Non-Compliance (Section 26)

    • Monetary fines, license cancellation, and reputational harm

Part III: Case Law and Judicial Interpretation

12. Landmark Judgments and Analysis

    • Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan

    • Medha Kotwal Lele v. Union of India

    • Jishu Sengupta v. State of West Bengal

    • Key High Court decisions interpreting "workplace", "harassment", and "IC process"

13. Evidentiary Issues in Sexual Harassment Cases

    • Standard of proof

    • Testimonies and corroboration

    • Hostile witnesses

Part IV: Comparative & Practical Perspectives

14. ILO Guidelines and Global Practices

15. Comparison with UK, US, and EU Sexual Harassment Laws

16. Limitations and Criticisms of the POSH Act

17. Recommendations for Reform

Part V: Practical Guidance for Compliance

18. Setting Up the Internal Committee (IC)

19. Model Sexual Harassment Policy for Organizations

20. Templates and Formats

    • Complaint form

    • IC inquiry report format

    • Notice to respondent

    • Employer undertaking

    • Annual report filing format (under Rule 14)

21. Training and Awareness Modules

    • For employees and managers

    • For IC members