Kush Kalra Decoding Stages of Criminal Trial Edition 2025

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Contents

1. Introduction to Criminal Trials in India

   • Meaning and classification of criminal trials

   • Overview of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973

   • Key stakeholders in a criminal trial

2. FIR and Investigation

   • Registration of FIR (Section 154, CrPC)

   • Investigation by police (Sections 156–173)

   • Arrest and bail provisions

   • Rights of the accused and victim

3. Filing of Charge Sheet or Final Report

   • Time limits for investigation

   • Closure report vs. charge sheet

   • Cognizance by Magistrate (Section 190)

4. Commencement of Proceedings

   • Summons and warrant procedures

   • Types of trials: warrant, summons, and summary trials

   • Classification based on courts

5. Framing of Charges

   • Discharge of the accused (Sections 227–239)

   • Framing of charges (Sections 228, 240, 246)

   • Joinder and misjoinder of charges

6. Plea and Commencement of Trial

   • Plea of guilty or not guilty

   • Consequences of admission of guilt

   • Commencement of prosecution evidence

7. Examination of Witnesses

   • Chief-examination, cross-examination & re-examination

   • Hostile witnesses

   • Rights of the accused during evidence stage

8. Statement of Accused (Section 313 CrPC)

   • Purpose and legal implications

   • Judicial guidelines and case law

9. Defence Evidence

   • Right to present defence evidence

   • Role of the defence counsel

   • Expert witnesses

10. Final Arguments

    • Procedure for arguments by prosecution and defence

    • Role of written submissions

    • Judicial discretion and fairness

11. Judgment and Sentencing

    • Pronouncement of judgment

    • Acquittal or conviction

    • Sentencing hearing (Section 235, 248, 255 CrPC)

12. Post-Judgment Remedies

    • Appeal, revision, and review

    • Execution of sentence

    • Suspension and remission of sentence

13. Special Trials

    • Fast track courts, POCSO, NDPS, and CBI cases

    • Procedures under special laws

14. Important Case Laws and Judicial Pronouncements

    • Landmark Supreme Court & High Court decisions

    • Practical significance in trial proceedings

15. Appendices

    • Relevant sections of CrPC

    • Sample formats (FIR, charge sheet, bail application, etc.)

    • Flowcharts and trial timelines