Updates and restructures the law of evidence for better clarity and efficiency.
Removes outdated provisions and includes modern evidence concepts.
Expands the scope of electronic records as admissible evidence.
Includes digital documents, emails, SMS, social media posts, and cloud-stored data.
Strengthens authentication rules for electronic records.
Oral Evidence – Statements made before a court.
Documentary Evidence – Written or recorded materials, including digital records.
Electronic Evidence – Data stored in computers, phones, or other digital formats.
Establishes clear guidelines for admissibility of confessions.
Includes provisions for witness credibility and protection.
Defines rules on who must prove what in a legal dispute.
Introduces new presumptions for digital records and cybercrimes.
Clearer rules on what constitutes relevant and admissible evidence.
Removes ambiguous clauses and outdated legal jargon.
Strengthens the role of forensic reports and DNA evidence in trials.
Recognizes modern forensic techniques for better justice delivery.
Special provisions for the protection of witnesses in sensitive cases.
Rules for handling confidential or classified evidence.
Defines when secondary evidence (e.g., copies of documents) can be admitted.
Clarifies the exceptions to the hearsay rule.
Brings uniformity and efficiency in court procedures.
Strengthens the use of technology in judicial proceedings.
Improves speed and transparency in trials.
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Overview & Purpose
Why was the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 Replaced?
Key Changes & Modernization
Cases & Courts Where the Law Applies
Types of Evidence Covered
Impact on Criminal & Civil Trials
Oral Evidence – Statements made in court
Documentary Evidence – Written records, contracts, letters
Electronic Evidence – Emails, messages, social media, digital records
Forensic Evidence – DNA reports, medical records, fingerprints
Definition & Authentication of Digital Evidence
Use of Emails, SMS, Social Media Posts as Proof
Role of Blockchain & AI in Evidence Collection
What Makes Evidence Legally Acceptable?
Exclusion of Irrelevant or Prejudicial Evidence
New Rules for Handling Sensitive Evidence
Voluntary vs. Forced Confessions
Guidelines for Recording Statements
Witness Protection & Anonymity in Certain Cases
Who Must Prove What?
Legal Presumptions in Cybercrime & Digital Cases
Special Provisions for Cases Involving Women & Children
When Copies of Documents Can Be Used as Evidence
Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule
DNA Tests & Their Admissibility
Role of Expert Witnesses in Trials
Use of AI, Machine Learning & Data Analysis in Crime Investigation
Cybercrime & Financial Fraud Evidence Rules
Fake News & Deepfake Evidence Handling
Handling Terrorism & National Security Cases
How Evidence is Presented in Court
Cross-Examination Rules & Procedures
Documentary & Digital Evidence in Fast-Track Courts
Major Differences & Improvements
Key Sections Replaced or Modified
How This Law Will Speed Up Trials
Improved Transparency & Accountability
Role of Technology in Modern Courtrooms
Changes Since Enactment
Possible Future Amendments Based on Judicial Review
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